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At least 70 million tonnes have been removed from the Peninsula. Enjoy exploring the Cronulla Sand Dunes on this 5.1 kilometre loop, which date back to the Mesolithic times as a landscape that holds environmental significance and great cultural heritage. The dunes at Towra Point were to be included in this park. Sand dunes are a very important part of the ecosystem. The first land grant was issued in 1815 when a whaler and merchant by the name of James Birnie, was given 280 hectares (700 acres) of land and 65 hectares (160 acres) of saltwater marshes on the Kurnell Peninsula. The overall volume and elevation of the dune is reduced due to the erosion process (Figure 3). [1] The refinery ceased operation in October 2014. This occurs when stormy waves or cyclones develop and result in strong erosional waves that remove sand from dunes (Brooke, 2003). As others have alluded to, there is really just a exposed single sand dune left at Cronulla. If it was my personal opinion, I wouldve loved to have kept the dunes. Birds and their eggs, possums, wallabies and goannas were also a part of their staple diet, in which they made fur coats and ceremonial attire. Yes there are sand dunes at Cronulla. Geebungs and other local berries were mixed in the clay and it was eaten as a dietary supplement with zinc. The Cronulla Sand Dune is an excellent example of the remnant Cronulla dune system as it existed prior to the commencement of sand removal in the 1930s. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. 5 Pages. The Australand development is now complete and two further significant applications have been made near the dunes. [1], The Cronulla Sand Dune and adjacent Lucas Reserve and Wanda Beach demonstrate a high level of intactness in terms the modified dunal landscape as it was created following late nineteenth-century grazing activities. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. The family was actively involved in timber getting, transporting ironbark, turpentine, blackbutt, mahogany and red cedar to Sydney by ship. He called it Alpha Farm, and built himself a cottage there. The dunes in Sydneys Sutherland shire, once the set for films such as 40,000 Horseman (1940) and Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome (1985), have been slowly trimmed down by sandmining and are increasingly hemmed in by development. Members of the tribe walked hundreds of miles to collect the clay, it was considered sacred amongst the indigenous locals and had many uses. a design wave height of 3.6m for the design of the Prince St. seawall based on historical records of wave motion and sand levels. Why are the Cronulla sand dunes important? The area became increasingly industrialised and in 1951 Caltex applied to the local council to construct an enormous oil refinery. But now the landscape is swamped with luxury properties, roads and pavement. Now they face encroaching housing developments. Whilst the coastal sand dune communities of Kurnell have been substantially degraded as a consequence of 70 years of sand removal, the surviving unvegetated Cronulla Sand Dune is intact and remains an excellent example of the former dune landscape. Holt, originally from Yorkshire, sailed into Sydney sometime in 1842. What are the 5 types of coastal processes? Sand mining: the global environmental crisis youve probably never heard of, Mining boom clean-up could cost taxpayers billions, says Australia Institute, Indians at risk of flooding powerless to stem the tide of illegal sand mining, Broccoli in Brockley: sand sculptor in 'fat cat' gentrification protest, 'Ash to cash': Montserrat gambles future on the volcano that nearly destroyed it, Fears over ending mining on North Stradbroke a 'sandstorm in a teacup': report, Shell halts Carmon Creek oil sands project in Alberta, Canada. Our specialist team has been working for more than 40 years on rehabilitating, maintaining and protecting sand dunes on the land between Cronulla and the Kurnell Peninsula. . This opened up the area to seaside holiday-makers. But that is just part of nature. . As there is infrastructure which has been built on the primary sections of the dunes it can be dangerous as it is threatening the infrastructures stability making it a higher risk for the residents and the people in the wider community when it comes to sand dune erosion. Holt is notable for employing Aboriginals on his Sutherland Estate and for establishing the oyster industry at Kurnell and introducing Buffalo grass to Australia to control sand dune degradation. Introduction People play on Cronullas sand dunes in 1963. It was added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 26 September 2003. The remaining dunes now lie sandwiched between a luxurious housing estate on one side and industrial buildings on the other. With further restrictions to decrease the tonnes of sand mined from dunes such as . [1], As at 29 January 2003, the Cronulla Sand Dune, Lucas Reserve and Wanda Beach as a landscape were of historical and contemporary cultural significance to the Aboriginal community. They began to harvest timber from the estate in 1835. University of NSW coastal researcher Mitchell Harley said erosion had claimed about 30 . In the 1840s a canal from Woolooware Bay was built so that logs could be floated into Botany Bay, loaded onto ships and sailed up to Sydney. Works under way to prevent further erosion at Cronulla Beach. 1st ed. Sign up for our newsletter to stay up to date. The exposed dunal system became a landmark of note for nineteenth-century day-trippers from Sydney who would take the ferry service from La Perouse to Kurnell Bay to see Cook's landing place, the dunes and Cronulla beaches. At the time, the sand dunes were completely covered in vegetation. Beachgoers climb the dunes at Cronulla Beach, which has suffered heavy erosion following storms last month. Paula Ahillon For Daily Mail Australia Cronulla beaches have been severely eroded by huge waves, which pounded the coast on the weekend. In some cases, human activities, especially farming and land clearing, leave soil vulnerable to erosion. Hydraulic Action is the sheer force of water crashing against the coastline causing material to be dislodged and carried away by the sea. In 1801 John Connell, an ironmonger, arrived in Sydney as a free settler. Alluvium, or sediments deposited by bodies of . Cronulla, derived from an Aboriginal word kurranulla meaning place of pink seashells, is located on the Bate Bay coastline in Sydneys south. Holt moved to Sutherland and further increased the size of his property to approximately 5,300 hectares (13,000 acres). The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". 03:00 EST 10 Feb 2019 The sand dunes in Cronulla are said to be 15,000 years old and up to 44 metres high, with their current size having stabilised - as did sea levels - between 9,000BC and 6,000BC. The mayor of Sutherland shire, Carmelo Pesce, says that when he was a boy, he could see the dunes from his childhood home, kilometres away in Miranda. John Connell now had full ownership of the Kurnell Peninsula. An aerial view of the massive erosion following La Nina-powered storms at Cronulla. Up to 5,000 tonnes of sandstone boulders have been dumped on Cronulla Beach in Sydney's south as a short-term solution for the coastal erosion that saw the beach almost disappear last month. He erected several mansions, ran his Sutherland Estate in the English manner, and travelled into Sydney to manage his business affairs. This is to either keep fit, stay in shape or prepare for amateur and, or professional sporting events, like rugby league, rugby union, cricket, soccer and boxing. The grant included Captain Cook's landing place. A dunes slip face is simply the side without wind. Read our Privacy Policy. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. It does not store any personal data. They had been beaten, stabbed and sexually assaulted. Over the years, Cronulla beach has been formed and re-structured because of erosion. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In 1990 Australand bought Lot 113, DP 777967 from Breen Holdings and the Hooker Corporation. In Cronulla, the first seawall costing 1.7 million dollar was built on a slant made of tyre like shapes to soak up the strong swash of water. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. 3 / 13. The Government couldn't see any reason to establish another National Reserve so near to Captain Cooks Landing Place Reserve. This resulted in a tombolo being formed and joined Kurnell with the Cronulla mainland. A building proposal for a new village between Cronulla High School and Wanda Beach was approved in 2013 and had since been built. What are some current management strategies in place to develop and manage Cronulla beach? The Holt family continues to own land on the Kurnell Peninsula via a number of incorporated companies (the Holt Group).[1]. The dunes have attracted a number of aspiring and professional athletes, who saw the steep hills as their favourite training ground. The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. 3.6 Erosion downstream of accumulative forms. When James Cook first encountered the dunes, he almost missed them entirely, according to the NSW Heritage Office, as they were covered in vegetation. This leads to the beach slowly disappearing into the ocean. The rip-rap wall consists of large rocks which have been piled up at an angle. Between Cronulla, Kurnell and Bundeena there are twelve beaches. The walk along the beach from Cronulla station is nice enough, and could be worth the trip in itself. Work undertaken. Beaches can take months to recover after an erosion . It was formed when the sea reached its present level and began to stabilise, between 9000 and 6000 BCE. As the last major undisturbed sand dune in this area, the Cronulla Sand Dune has been the focus of long-term local and environmental activism. The sand dune erosion is destroying habitats from plants and animals, this is substantially decreasing the biodiversity on the coastal environment. "Wanda and Greenhills were more affected in the last swell," he said. Beach nourishment, or beach replenishment, is the practice of adding sand or sediment to beaches to combat erosion and increase beach width. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". [1], Between 1920 and 1930 the sand hills were acknowledged to be a deserted and desecrated landscape, and their economic value was minimal. Image credit: Jeff Hansen, U.S. Geological Survey. The map below shows Surfers Paradise and the Spit in 1955 (left) and 1997 (right). Soil erosion occurs primarily when dirt is left exposed to strong winds, hard rains, and flowing water. At the same time, the Sutherland Shire Council built Captain Cook Drive to service the refinery. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Sydney Trains operates a train from Martin Place Station to Cronulla Station every 10 minutes. The undisturbed dune is of significant interest to the Aboriginal community as many of the other hills and dunes inhabited by their ancestors have been removed or disturbed since sand removal commenced in the 1930s. Normally, there would be 10-20 metres of beach between the dunes and waterline. Holt was the Member for Newtown (July 1861 - November 1864) and a Member of the Legislative Council (1868 - 1883). Holt built several fine homes in Sydney including "The Warren" in Marrickville and "Sutherland House" in Sylvania (built 1871, destroyed 1918). Cronullas dunes were one source of this sand for industry. Cronulla beach erosion. The sand dunes, some of which rose up to 44 metres (144ft), were the focus for many local residents and tourists who engaged in sand sledding, hand gliding and horse riding amongst the dunes.[1]. Dunes protect the city against extreme weather by absorbing the the impact of high energy storms, winds and destructive waves. It is currently before the NSW Department of Planning and Environment pending an application. with rock pools and small sandy beaches. New South Wales. What building development has occurred at Cronulla? A number of local residents worked as extras in the film. Once the dunes were uncovered, they were revealed as enormous, covering the area from Wanda beach and up past Kurnell. Cook along with his crew stayed in Botany Bay for eight days. [12] Anthony Mundine held a one-hour workout in the sandhills to prepare for his bout with WBA super-middleweight champion Mikkel Kessler. A recent NOAA-supported study suggests that greater protection from erosion and flooding is provided by a wide beach rather than the Our specialist team has been working for more than 40 years on rehabilitating, maintaining and protecting sand dunes on the land between Cronulla and the Kurnell Peninsula. These are corrasion, abrasion, hydraulic action, attrition and corrosion/solution. The proposed local heritage listing of the sand dune by Sutherland Council received 642 supporting signatures in 1999. Shortly after, James Cook looked down from the sand hills at what is now known as Cr Sand dunes may be . The first, by Breen Construction for a new village between Cronulla high school and Wanda beach, was approved in 2013 and is now under construction. Erosion control solutions like TrapBag are efficient, affordable and highly effective at sand dune stabilization. What was a predominantly vegetated and lightly wooded landscape has been heavily modified as a result of European agricultural practices. The denuded dune demonstrates the effects of timber getting and grazing activities in the nineteenth century and their contribution to the creation of a modified landscape. The most effective strategy implemented at Cronulla Beach is the fences and boardwalks. The Cronulla Sand Dune in the context of its setting, intactness, aesthetic qualities and social significance is held in high community esteem. This area is affected by wind erosion as well as the tides if adequate vegetative cover is not present. You need to solve physics problems. Whale watch from Birubi Lookout. Mark Dippy DePena, 67, has surfed the shores of Cronulla Beach since high school and said he has never seen the beach so badly eroded. The looped route begins and ends from Don Lucas Reserve, where parking, bathroom and picnic facilities are available. [13] Amateur and professional Rugby league teams, especially those of the NRL also use the sandhills.[14]. Erosion is the process of moving the broken down material from one place to another via wind, water, or gravity. Sand boarding. The rivers eventually became blocked with accumulating sand and sediment as the sea level rose. Cronulla residents initially fought against the proposals due to environmental concerns, but eager developers appealed to the land and environment court. This strategy involves volunteers replanting and revegetating the dunes in order to protect the dunes against erosion, and allow for long term stabilization. Many seawalls already exist along . dune erosion, leading to land loss and possible flooding caused by dune breaching; and (3) sand drift, which may cause problems to property and infrastructure through blowing of The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. There is a walkway all . But over the past century they have been steadily encroached upon by human activity. They began to clear land and dig wells, but a week later decided to abandon the site and sail north to Port Jackson.[1]. In 1974, work commenced in response to severe erosion and has continued to date. A sea wall is the most effective hard engineering form of coastal defence from erosion. The Cronulla Sand Dune is aesthetically distinctive and is a landmark at both the Local and State levels. From the 1930s onwards, Cronullas sand dunes were mined, and tonnes of sand was taken away to help build Sydney. Laycock also held the title of Quarantine Keeper at Bradley's Head (1878 - 1884). Large expanses of sand had been exposed along the coastline. This is a popular trail for birding, hiking, and running, but you can still enjoy some solitude during quieter times of day. The site has historic and cultural significance for the Aboriginal community. As early as 1938 the dunes were used in the shooting of 40,000 Horsemen, starring Chips Rafferty, about the Australian Light Horse cavalry campaign in Palestine during the first world war. When John Connell died in 1848, he left his estate to his two grandsons. The Kurnell Peninsular has a strong association with John Connell Laycock (1818 - 1897). The dune landscape possesses historic, scientific, cultural and natural significance as a site of early European contact with Aborigines, a place of environmental transformation as a result of European agricultural practices, habitat for the endangered Green and Golden Bell Frog within a modified environment, and a location for significant Australian films. Sand dunes collapse into sea at Elouera beach with erosion expected to spread By Murray Trembath Updated July 29 2020 - 11:26am , first published July 28 2020 - 6:20am They fished from canoes or from the shore using barbed spears and fishing lines with hooks in and around Botany Bay and the Georges River. They used it to line the base of their canoes so they could light fires, and also as a white body paint, (as witnessed by Captain James Cook). They form as the wind carries sediment from the beach in a landward direction and deposits it wherever an obstruction hinders further transport. In 1937 it declined another offer to buy 290 hectares (720 acres) of sand hills. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. In 1974, work commenced in response to severe erosion and has continued to date. The site has historic and cultural significance for the Aboriginal community. They had no written language and each tribe had its own dialect. The site has historic and cultural significance for the Aboriginal community. Whether youre looking for somewhere to swim, surf or just relax, you can find the perfect beach in the Sutherland Shire. Rain, rivers, floods, lakes, and the ocean carry away bits of soil and sand and slowly wash away the sediment. Drive on the beach. Sand dunes are a very important part of the ecosystem. The dunes were diminished and left vulnerable to the weather. Thomas Holt, who came to possess the land, grazed sheep and cattle on the dunes. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. See the camels. The Cronulla Sand Dune is of cultural heritage and spiritual significance to the La Perouse Aboriginal community, some of whom are direct descendants of the Aboriginal leaders who met Captain Cook in 1770. Erosion by Water Liquid water is the major agent of erosion on Earth. A crane is being rushed in to remove the North Cronulla lifeguard tower, which is at risk of toppling into the sea after wild weather . It was then divided into 60 smaller paddocks using Brushwood fencing. Laycock was a Member of the Legislative Assembly for Central Cumberland (1859-1864) and Clarence (1864 - 1866). Cronulla is located 26 kilometres south of the Sydney central business district, in the local government area of the Sutherland Shire.. Cronulla is located on a peninsula framed by Botany Bay to the north . Corrasion is when waves pick up beach material (e.g. The sheer expanse of the dunes was effectively used to convey remote desert regions in films such as the epic 1941 Charles Chauvel film Forty Thousand Horsemen which starred Chips Rafferty. The beaches are popular recreational areas for swimming, surfing, bodyboarding, bodysurfing and other water sports. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. In 1974, work commenced in response to severe erosion and has continued to date. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. We continue to maintain the dunes against ongoing erosion pressure. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. What natural processes affect the coastline? Beach nourishment or replenishment is the artificial placement of sand on an eroded shore to maintain the amount of sand present in the foundation of the coast, and this way to compensate for natural erosion and to a greater or lesser extent protect the area against storm surge (nourishment may also use gravel . When Cook reported back to England he said that the land was suitable for agriculture, it had sandy soil and the area was lightly wooded. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Most of the properties, which are dwarfed by the surrounding dunes, are now built and occupied. If you tend to get niggles in either your knees or ankles, running the dunes will be especially beneficial due to the sand minimalizing the impact whilst still giving the legs an intense workout . These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Generally considered a moderately challenging route, it takes an average of 1 h 7 min to complete. Between the 1920s and the 1950s Cronulla became a popular holiday destination famed for its beaches and sand dunes. Thomas Holt who was the first owner of the area (and who also owned most of what is today the Sutherland Shire) planned to use the dunes for farming sheep, this industry failed more or less. Cronulla's iconic sand dunes were once a clean landscape and . There is a walkway all . Others did find more creative uses for them. It was extended to Waterfall in 1886, and finally to Kiama in 1888. In 1868, Holt began grazing sheep and cattle on the dunes and removed trees and shrubs, exposing the sand. Coastal erosion at Cronulla weeks after storms lashed the coast.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Beachgoers climb the dunes at Cronulla Beach, which has suffered heavy erosion following storms last month.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Beaches can take months to recover after an erosion event.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Many beaches across the NSW coastline have been impacted by the severe storms that hit the area a month ago.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Works under way to prevent further erosion at Cronulla Beach.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Coastal erosion on Cronulla Beach.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Beachgoers struggle against the erosion on Cronulla Beach.Credit:Brook Mitchell, An aerial view of the massive erosion following La Nina-powered storms at Cronulla.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Mark Dippy DePena, 67, has surfed the shores of Cronulla Beach since high school and said he has never seen the beach so badly eroded.Credit:Brook Mitchell, Erosion at Cronulla Beach.Credit:Brook Mitchell, An aerial view of the erosion following La Nina powered storms at Cronulla.Credit:Brook Mitchell. Coastal erosion is the wearing away and breaking up of rock along the coast. Its protection as a surviving remnant of the former Cronulla dunes was recommended along with an Interim Conservation Order under the Heritage Act. The proposed developments were approved by the court in 2004 after it found that the construction would have no adverse impacts on surrounding natural wetlands. The first, titled Arturo Xuncax, is set in an Indian village in Guatemala. Holt attempted grazing, first with sheep which had to be destroyed when they became infected with footrot, and then with cattle. Please try again later. 2 / 13. The court also accepted that the Wanda sand hills had to be revegetated to stop the sand from filling up ponds and swallowing up the vegetation in the area. Weather conditions freezing temperatures and heavy rain increase weathering and the rate of erosion. Champagne breakfast and sunset dinner cruises are also popular. The landmark qualities of the Cronulla Sand Dune, which rises 33 metres at its apex, have been enhanced by the fact that it is the last significant undisturbed dune in what was a massive dune system. Paula Ahillon For Daily Mail Australia, Isabel Oakeshott receives 'menacing' message from Matt Hancock, Mark Gordon arrives at Crawley Police Station after remains found, Pavement where disabled woman gestured at cyclist before fatal crash, Pro-Ukrainian drone lands on Russian spy planes exposing location, 'Buster is next!' The deepest part of the ancient river channel now lies 100 metres (330ft) below the surface at the southern end of the peninsula, near Wanda Beach. Sutherland Shire Council has determined removing vegetation from sand dunes at Cronulla would be a costly and futile exercise to prevent severe beach erosion. Since European contact, the 93-hectare native sand dune system on the Kurnell Peninsula has been heavily impacted by human activities. [2][3][4], The original inhabitants on the Kurnell Peninsula were the Gweagal people, a clan of the Tharawal (or Dharawal) tribe who occupied the region for thousands of years. This increased the size of the estate to 1,800 hectares (4,500 acres). A council spokesman said, "With adverse weather conditions, large swells and high tides causing significant sand erosion on a number of local beaches, Sutherland Shire Council has closed all beach access tracks from North Cronulla beach to Greenhills beach to guard against potential threats to public safety. DUNE EROSION AT ELORA, CRONULLA. The land on his estate was not suited for intensive grazing, so after most of the trees were felled, herds of cattle then removed the stabilizing grass cover and exposed the sand dunes underneath. Beachgoers climb the dunes at Cronulla Beach, which has suffered heavy erosion following storms last month. In 2003 Australand announced plans for a housing development north of Wanda beach, including a village just south of the remaining dunes. By moving the slider, observe how the beaches of Surfers Paradise and the Spit have changed over time. Sea Walls and Dune Management. Factories Im not a fan of. On Monday night, a lifeguard hut at North Cronulla was moved after erosion ate away at the sand beneath it. This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on Sunday, March 22, 2015. . Coastal development. 3.3 Offshore sand loss under extreme wave and storm surge conditions. These include; a rip-rap wall, dune stabilization. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This occurs when stormy waves or cyclones develop and result in strong erosional waves that remove sand from dunes (Brooke, 2003). The Cronulla Sand Dune has the potential to yield further information on the Aboriginal habitation of this area. 3.5 Offshore transport at the tip of a sand spit. It required a site of 160 hectares (400 acres) and initially the Council rejected the proposal. The dune system that covers an area of 400 hectares (1,000 acres), measuring 40 metres (130ft) above and 90 metres (300ft) below sea level, became unstable and began to move north at a rate of eight metres (twenty-six feet) a year. Ironically, the dunes have been deliberately built up in recent years in an effort to reduce erosion. Elouera Beach is a traversed beach that is situated on Bate Bay, in Cronulla, New South Wales, Australia. The site has historic and cultural significance for the Aboriginal community. The worst damage was done on Saturday, with Elouera beach again looking to have received the most damage. The Great Sand Dunes originated from large lakes that once covered portions of the San Luis Valley. The various middens, rock carvings and paintings in the area confirm this. Popular destinations were Oatley, Como and Waterfall. The concern about the seawall stems from the dynamic nature of sand dunes and how introducing a hard structure onto the foredune interferes with the natural state of flux. After passing through the hands of a number of settlers, in 1861 the land came into the possession of Thomas Holt. In 1933 the Sutherland Shire Council asked the Government to set aside the 810 hectares (2,000 acres) between Cronulla Golf Club and Kurnell as a reserve. What is a sand mine? Coastal Development. A successful wool buyer and property speculator, Holt acquired over 1.21m hectares of land in NSW and Queensland between 1851 and 1880, making him one of the wealthiest men in the colony. Hydroseed can even be installed in certain areas along the Lake Michigan shoreline. "Council has also closed the Esplanade between Cronulla and North Cronulla as a precautionary measure due to the impact of high tides and large swells on Monday afternoon. The Rats of Tobruk, Thunder in the Desert, Phar Lap and Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome also utilised the dunes as a location. Dune erosion occurs when storm surge elevates waves higher on the beach, allowing them to attack and erode the coastal dune. The once vast sand dunes in Sydney's south have been farmed, mined, filmed and eroded by wind and rain. The site has historic and cultural significance for the Aboriginal community. The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. Dune vegetation traps windblown sand and holds it on the foredunes 1 . The destruction by fire of his Prince of Wales Theatre and adjoining properties forced Laycock to sell his heavily mortgaged properties to his friend and fellow member of the Legislative Assembly, Thomas Holt. Discussion.. Erosion by wind and . They remain, however, a strange window into Australias colonial history.