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Blumentritt, Ferdinand (1895). Folktales of Southern Philippines. As the wife of the Sun God, Ra, Hathor is known in Egyptian legend as the patroness of wives. WebAFAIK, there are no deities associated with vanilla. They are often depicted with dragon-like features. Santiago, Luciano P. R. (2005). (2014). Page 33. Eugenio, D. L. (1989). Assessing environmental conservation on Palawan Island (the Philippines), in D. Anderson and E. Berglund (eds.) Fansler, D. S. (1922). A. Manuel, A. E. (1973). Their favorite prey is small insects, including beetles, termites, beetle larvae, and earthworms. Protection from snake and scorpion bites is not to be taken lightly. Canberra, Australia: ANU E Press. F. Landa Jocano. Webdeities associated with centipedes. Noceda, Juan Jos de & Sanlucar,Pedro de (1754). Southeast of Zamboanga. H. Roldan, 1832. (2017). Page 361. Unabia, C. C. (1986). Some (unverified) online sites suggest that Sepa is associated with fertility for one or both of these two reasons: centipedes follow along after earthworms, which fertilize the soil as they pass; and Sepa has been depicted with the head of a donkey, linking Him to donkey manure used in fertilization of the fields. Press. Anvil Publishing. Routledge, 2017. Benedict, L. W. (1916). McFarland, 2016. C. (1916). Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society Vol. Hart D. V., Hart H. C. (1966). Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates. 1986. Ambrosio, D. K. (2013). The History of Sumatra: Containing An Account Of The Government, Laws, Customs And / Manners Of The Native Inhabitants. A.M.S. Barangay: Sixteenth Century Philippine Culture and Society. Realubit, M. L. F. (1983). 4: Death and After Death: Ivatan Beliefs and Practices. XIV. Madrid, 1895. Likewise, some sites suggest that part of Sepas protective role, especially in regards to protecting Wesir, is due to the fact that centipedes will eat the bugs that feast on a dead body. Christina Pratt (2007). CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art: Peoples of the Philippines, Kalinga to Yakan. Page 168. Lalahon: the goddess of fire, volcanoes, and the harvest; Santonilyo: a deity who brings rain when its image is immersed at sea; Magbibaya: a deity similar to the god Magbabaya of the Bukidnon, Rizal: a culture-hero who is said to return in favor of his people's struggle for genuine freedom; based on a historical person, Leon Kilat: a hero who is said will return to the people together with Rizal and Bonifacio in Cebu; based on a historical person, Pantaleon Villegas, Buhawi: also called Kano, a hero who will someday return to aid his people in their struggle in Negros; based on the historical person, Ponciano Elopre, Libo: the first child and son of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned race, Saman: the first daughter and second child of Sicabay and Sicalac; was taken south after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a brown-skinned race, Pandaguan: a younger son of Sicabay and Sicalac; a clever man who invented the fish trap which caught a giant shark; father of Arion; challenged to overpower the gods, and was punished by zapping, Arion: son of Pandaguan who was taken north after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a white-skinned race, Son of Saman and Sicalac: was taken east after the defeat of Pandaguan; became the ancestor of a yellow-skinned race. Jocano, F. L. (1968). Chaosmology: Shamanism and personhood among the Bugkalot. Design courtesy Andi Mancuso Studios. The Legend of the Miraculous Lady in White Lurking in Eastern Samar's Hamorawan Spring. Fernandez, Doreen G. 1978. Scott, William Henry (1994).Barangay: Sixteenth-century Philippine Culture and Society. [5][6][7], The following figures continue to exist and prevail among the collective memory and culture of Filipinos today, especially among adherents to the native and sacred Filipino religions, despite centuries of persecution beginning with the introduction of non-native and colonial Abrahamic religions which sought to abolish all native faiths in the archipelago beginning in the late 14th century, and intensified during the middle of the 16th century to the late 20th century. Readings in Philippine literature. Rethinking Maria Cacao: Legend-making in the Visayan Context. E. Floro, 1950. Teh-Ming Wang. Cawed, C. (1972). Vibal, H. (1923). Kurita: an amphibious animal with several limbs and lived on land and sea; haunts Mount Kabalalan, and slayed by Rajah Solayman; Tarabusar: a humongous human-like creature who lived in Mount Matutum; slayed by Rajah Solayman, Pah: a bird of prey as big as a house and whose wings caused darkness on the ground; lives in Mount Bita and slayed by Rajah Solayman at Mount Gurayn, Monster of Mount Gurayn: a seven-headed monster at Mount Gurayn, who was slayed by Rajah Indarapatra, Wife of Rajah Indarapatra: daughter of a local ruler who hid in a cave due to the number of monsters in Maguindanao; married to Rajah Indarapatra and gave birth to their children; they were entrusted to her father, the local ruler, after Rajah Indarapatra returned to Mantapoli, Tohan: the supreme deity who is perfect, having no defect; can cause and stop earthquakes and pestilence; later also called as Allah by Muslim converts, Sun Deity: divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a flaming young man; angels serve as his charioteers, Moon Deity: divine being depicted in an anthropomorphic form as a beautiful young woman; angels serve as her charioteers, Jinn: beings who live in the atmosphere which serves as a buffer zone between the skyworld and the earth, called Oraonan a Lantoy, known for possessing a garden of flowers and vegetables, Walain sa Letingan: the princess-goddess living in a skyworld region called Magoyeda a Selegen, Papanok sa Aras: children who died prematurely and were transformed into birds of paradise living in the skyworld region called Sorga, Houris: heavenly maidens blessed with eternal beauty and perpetual virginity, Lumpong: a large animal who carries the earth; accompanied by a small shrimp that sometimes claws on the earth-holder from time to time, causing the phenomena of earthquakes, Sakar: a monster in the underworld where disrespectful children are trapped in its belly, Walain Katolosan: the goddess who owns the amulet Sikag a Makaombaw, Tonong: divine spirits who often aid heroes; often lives in nonok trees, seas, lakes, and the sky realm, Apo: benign tornado and waterspout spirits; a classification of tonong; they are the ancestral spirits tasked to kill or drive away evil spirits, Sakit: maligant harmful spirits responsible for diseases; a classification of tonong, Saitan: malignant possessing spirits; a classification of tonong, Inikadowa: the benign spirit double or guardian of a person, who is with the person when the baby is born; a classification of tonong; the placenta is their manifestation, Tolos: a class of tonong who inhabit the sky realms; prayed to, especially in times of battle and protection for quests; referred to as gods, Pinatola a Tonong: the ancestor of all unseen benevolent spirits; a tonong who takes the form of a gigantic crocodile at sea, a garuda in air, and a giant on land; a guardian spirit of Diwata Ndaw Gibon, Pinatoli i Kilid: a tonong who takes the form of a gigantic crocodile; the guardian spirit of the king of Bemberan, Diwata Ndaw Gibon; clashed with Ladalad a Madali, grandson of Gibon; later gave valuable information to Madali; during the battle of Madali and Pirimbingan, Madali was aided by Pinatoli i Kilid against Pirimbingan's spirit guardian, Magolaing sa Ragat, Magolaing sa Ragat: a tonong of the enchantress Walain Pirimbangan; took the form of a gigantic crocodile, Sikag a Makaombaw: the intelligent and independent tonong (spirit) living within the Sikag a Makaombaw amulet, regarded as the most powerful amulet of all due to its ability to grant its wielder authority over all tonong, Salindagaw Masingir: a tonong of the hero Awilawil o Ndaw; acts as the guardian-spirit of the kingdom of Kaibat a Kadaan, Walain sa Lekepen: a goddess courted by the hero Bantogen, Diwata ko sa Magaw: spirit of destruction; a tolos or deity, Minoaw a Minepen: powerful spirit of the sky; a tolos or deity, Naga: dragons who repel evil spirits; a specific huge Naga is said to encircle the world, Arimaonga: a giant lion who causes lunar eclipses, Gabriel: an angel who reported to the supreme deity the overpopulation of the kingdom of Mantapoli, which resulted in its transfer and the creation of Lake Lanao, Malakal Maut: the angel of death; takes the souls of someone after three to seven days from the falling of the person's leaf from the sacred Sadiarathul Montaha tree in the realm called Sorga; appears either a handsome prince or a grotesque monsters, depending if the soul he is getting comed from a sinner or a virtuous person; punishes the souls of sinners until final judgment, while lifting up the souls of the good onto heaven, Tonong of Lake Lanao: there are many tonong of Lake Lanao, who are invoked during certain rituals such as the kashawing rice ritual, Aya Diwata Mokom sa Kaadiong a Lopa: father of the three rulers of the three kingdoms from the Darangen; a half-tonong and a half-human, Daromoyod an Olan: mother of the three rulers of the three kingdoms from the Darangen; a half-jinn and a half-human, Rulers of the Three Main Kingdoms from the Darangen: all three are siblings, Diwata Ndaw Gibon: a semi-divine hero who ruled the kingdom of Iliyan a Bembaran, which was a favord abode of the tonong; had two sons with his head-wife Aya Panganay Bai, and a total of five daughters from five other wives, Awilawil o Ndaw: a semi-divine hero who ruled the kingdom of Kaibat a Kadaan, Dalondong a Mimbantas: a semi-divine hero ruled the kingdom of Gindolongan Marogong, which possessed the enchanted river Pagayawan that refuses to flow without the presence of thunder, Aya Panganay Bai: married to Diwata Ndaw Gibon, who she has two sons; came from a place known as Minangoaw a Ronong, Tominaman sa Rogong: firstborn son of Diwata Ndaw Gibon and Aya Panganay Bai; succeeded his father as ruler of Iliyan a Bembaran, Magondaya Boisan: secondborn son Diwata Ndaw Gibon and Aya Panganay Bai; expanded the kingdom of Bembaran together with his brother-king, Tominaman sa Rogong, Pasandalan a Rogong: son of Tominaman sa Rogong, Bantogen: son of Tominaman sa Rogong; he courted the goddess Walain sa Lekepen, and was assumed missing by his people, leading to a search journey; returned with Madali to their kingdom, Ladalad a Madali: son of Magondaya Boisan; went into a journey to rescue his cousin Bantugen, and all those who first came to find Bantugen; can become invisible with the aided of his guardian spirits; aided by his grandfather's guardian spirit Pinatoli i Kilid who clashed with the Walain Pirimbangan's guardian spirit; shapeshifted into a woman to take the amulet of the goddess Walain Katolosan, foiling the plan of Pirimbangan, Walain Pirimbangan: an enchantress from Danalima a Rogong who imprisoned Bantugen and all the leaders of Bembaran who rescued him; aided by her guardian spirit, Magolaing sa Ragat, Maharadia Lawana: a man with eight heads who was banished for his bad mouth; tried to kill himself, but failed upon the intervention of the angel Gabriel, Kapmadali: a hero who battled Pinatola a Tonong, Pilandok: a cunning man who tricked various people from a blind man to a kingdom's ruler. Jocano, F. L. (1967). The Culture of the Bontoc Igorot. Weavers of Peace: The Higaonon Tribe in the Philippines. She sometimes acted as a judge in human affairs. Page 358. Moss, C. R. (1924). (1958). Jocano, F. L. (1958). Manzano, L. C. The Tboli. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company. It is also a contemporary Hindu name used in many parts of India. Anting-anting: o kung bakit nagtatago sa loob ng bato si bathala. University of the Philippines, 2002. Nicdao, A. Clarendon, 1872. 8, No. The Culture of the Bontoc Igorot. It could be inferred that Cent Hill, P. (1934). Letter to Gregory XIII. I wondered if I was the only Kemetic who, in that moment, was offering to Him, as He is not a well-known god, but rather than feeling the enormity of a mostly-undistracted Netjerus direct attention, I got the distinct sense that He stays quite industrious in the Unseen, in the underworld, working to protect Wesir and to purify the kau who come to be weighed against Maats feather. (1999). San Antonio, Juan Francisco de (1738). University of the Philippines. Saway, V. L. The Talaandig. Postma, A. Religion of the Katipunan. The plants are in full bloom at this time of the spring, and the bees take full advantage, buzzing back and forth, carrying pollen from one blossom to another. de Castro, Lourdes. 42, No. (I have a strange sense of what constitutes a good idea.). Madale, A. The butterfly is one of natures most perfect examples of change, transformation, and growth. Gaddang Literature. Asiaweek, Volume 12, Issues 1-13. Magno, R. M. (1992). 3/4: Ancestral Spirits as Healers: The "Pagomboh" and "Pag-igal Jin" Rituals of the Sama Dilaut. (2019). Some centipedes glow in the dark (like the Geophilus electricus). Ateneo University Press, 1994. Ramos, Maximo D. (1990). Nothing in the Henadology article, nor in the quickncursory research I did, shows me how Sepa is a form of Heru; it seems like Sepa is more thoroughly linked to Wesir (Osiris) and funerary purifications, only encountering Heru when He brings Sepa (linked to the inundation) to Cairo. A gem of ages: 7 island rock formations in Northern Samar. The woolly bear is a caterpillar that has folklore all his own in fact, he is tasked with foretelling the weather. University of Manila., 1956. The History of Butterfly Magic and Folklore, Customs, Traditions and Folklore of Litha, animal symbolism is incorporated into magical belief, some sort of spider mythology, and folktales. (1917). The Institutions of Maguindanao. Journal of International Development and Cooperation of Hiroshima University. The legend states that the Mayura was created from the feathers of Garuda, another semi-divine birds of Hindu culture. Manila. While the woolly bears predictive ability may sound magical (and has been known for centuries), it was actually scientifically studied in the early 1950s, by Dr. C. H. Curran. (1990). [] on my merry little way with no more than a respectful nod and libation. 5 Jun. WebThe mayura named Citramekhala is associated with Saraswati, a deity representing benevolence, patience, kindness, compassion and knowledge. As centipedes are venomous, Sepa was also considered to have power over other venomous animals and could be invoked for protection against snake bites and scorpion stings. The First Shark. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press. Balatik: Etnoastronomiya, Kalangitan sa Kabihasnang Pilipino. Maribago; can break pestles with his bare hands; one of the Mactan chieftains loyally allied to Datu Mangal, Tindak-Bukid: chief of Bo. Chicago: A.C. McClurg and Co. Lambrecht, F. H. (1981). Talubin Folklore, Bontoc, Mountain Province. Weekly Women's Magazine. Capiznon. Cole,M. Manila: MCS Enterprises . University,University of Manila (1958). The mythological figures, including deities (anitos and diwatas), heroes, and other important figures, in Anitism vary among the many ethnic groups in the Philippines. Diwata Kat Sidpan: a deity who lives in the western region called Sidpan; Diwata Kat Libatan: a deity who lives in the eastern region called Babatan; Tumangkuyun: wash and keep clean the trunks of the two sacred cardinal trees in Sidpan and Babatan by using the blood of those who have died in epidemics; the blood he uses causes the colors of the sunrise and sunset, Diwata katamyan: invoked when the wet period lasts too long and these Amyan hot-dry winds are needed, Salakap: the spirits of epidemic sickness which arrive on earth through the northwest winds; initially were humans who were forced, thru a discriminatory decree or through their comrade's trick, to consume either the feces or flesh of a dead human, which turned them into Salakap, Tumungkuyan: leaders of the Salakap who paint tree trunks the support the sky using the blood of the epidemic-dead, Sumurutun: captain of the outrigger which transports the dead to Kiyabusan, Lumalayag: warriors who challenge and fight the Salakap, Tandayag: a deity who lives in Kiyabusan; sent by the supreme deity to live with the Salakap in order to prevent them from sailing except during the northeast winds, as per an agreement between the Salakap and the supreme deity, Taliyakud: chief god of the underworld who tends a fire between two tree trunks; asks the souls of the dead questions, where the soul's louse acts as the conscience that answers the questions truthfully; if the soul is wicked, it is pitched and burned, but if it is good, it passes on to a happier place with abundant food, Diwata: general term for deities; they created the first man made from earth and gave him the elements of fire, the flint-like stones, iron, and tinder, as well as rice and most importantly, rice-wine, which humans could use to call the deities and the spirits of their dead, God of Animals: the deity of animals who allowed the creatures to speak but forbade them from dancing; when a king heard of an island filled with dogs, he ordered a captain to get some of them; the captain ordered the dogs which they did, angering the god of animals who struck their ship with lightning, killing the captain and turning the dogs and ship into an island called Tagbayanga, which now protects the town of Pilar from strong winds and waves, Mount Diwata Deities: a group of deities (diwata) at the Diwata Mountains, whose privacy was subjugated by the noise created by the hornbills (kalaw); the oldest among them used her wooden staff and tapped in on the ground three times, which made their home flew up and became the island of Camiguin; a crater was left, which became Lake Mainit, Pikit Octopus: a small octopus at the Pikit river who was raised by the fivider Sario, until grew massive; inflicted illness to anyone who it has stung; when Sario died, the octopus left the river, Rizal: a culture-hero who in the future, will return to aid his people in their struggle, Sario: a diviner who raised the giant octopus in the Pikit river, Tahaw: supreme deity who is give prayers of supplications and petitions, True: deity of the forest and herder of hunting animals.