https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-011-0039-z, Gherbawy YA, Hussein NA, Al-Qurashi AA (2014) Molecular characterization of Trichoderma populations isolated from soil of Taif city, Saudi Arabia. Blogger, grower and real cannabis toker for more than 20 years, always looking into the rarest and finest cannabis genetics. Open Mycol J 8:71126. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95(5):20442049. Also, this treatment recorded the highest yield components, i.e., number of pods (9.0 and 12.0 pods/plant), pod weight (3.35 and 3.25g), weight of 100 seeds (44.14 and 50.50g), and weight of seed (0.44 and 0.51g) in both seasons, respectively. Damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases caused by the soil-borne fungi Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum are a serious problem of dry bean productions in Egypt. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. The Trichoderma strains were tested for their tolerance and biosorption of nickel. Before (1985). Sci. Fungal Biol 116:815824. 1,142 PDF View 1 excerpt, references background Molecular Biology Reports As previously stated in another post, the root mass plays a major role in the growth and health of marijuana plants. Biocontrol of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita damaging queen palm, Livistona rotundifolia using Trichoderma species. In the contrary, the individual treatment with each of T. harzianum, T. viride, T. virens, and thiophanate-methyl were recorded the lowest ones in both seasons (85.2, 85.5, 86.4, and 85.6% survival plants in first seasons and 85.9, 87.6, 84.4, and 83.2% in second season, respectively). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2012.02.004, Mukhlis SHM, Sariah M, Ismail MR, Habib SH, Kausar H (2013) Potential lignocellulolytic Trichoderma for bioconversion of oil palm empty fruit bunches. Epub 2015 Apr 21. Disclaimer. T. harzianum and T.viride added to wheat in ratio 1 ml of spores suspension to 5 ml of water and added to 1 kilo of wheat, each pigeon eat 70 grams of food during the period of experiment. Microb Cell Fact 18:89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-019-1108-y, Article Field application of Trichoderma spp. https://doi.org/10.1556/CRC.39.2011.4.11, Cardoso-Lopes FA, Steindorff AS, Geraldine AM, Brando RS, Monteiro VN, Lobo Junior M, Caelho ASG, Ulhoa CJ, Silva RN (2012) Biochemical and metabolic profiles of Trichoderma strains isolated from common bean crops in the Brazilian cerrado, and potential antagonism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.11.001, Naeimi S, Khodaparast SA, Javan Nikkhah M, Kredics L (2011) Species pattern and phylogenetic relationships of Trichoderma strains in rice fields of Southern Caspian Sea Iran. These living microorganisms trigger a series of mechanisms that result in heightened resistance to a wide variety of diseases and in a major increase in size and yields. 2004;38(2):169-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2003.01481.x. Biocontrol treatment with certain strains of Trichoderma spp. Trichoderma viride: Known as the "green mold of mushrooms", for some time, it was considered to be the only species in the Trichoderma genus. Trichoderma species are frequently isolated from forest or agricultural soils at all latitudes. The fungicide Thiophanate-methyl (Topsin M 70% WG) was obtained from the Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), ARC, Egypt. The results revealed that Trichoderma harzianum (Th6) exhibited the highest antagonistic ability against F. solani, M. phaseolina and F. graminearum with inhibition rates of 71.42%, 72.97%, and 84.61%, respectively. 2012; Gajera et al. Taxonomy information for Trichoderma harzianum. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. and thiophanate-methyl significantly induce the defense enzymes in bean plants more than used individually. Eight strains of Trichoderma were isolated from five Egyptian regions. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! https://doi.org/10.4236/abb.2013.42030, Sood M, Kapoor D, Kumar V, Sheteiwy MS, Ramakrishnan M, Landi M, Araniti F, Sharma A (2020) Trichoderma: the secrets of a multitalented biocontrol agent. Pathogenic ability of these isolates toward dry bean was confirmed in a previous study (Abd-El-Khair and El-Gamal Nadia 2011). <>>> Diversity of Trichoderma species associated with soil in the Zoige alpine wetland of Southwest China. Five bean seeds cv. Terms and Conditions, It was suggested that the addition of Trichoderma spp. 2016). J Plant Pathol 99(1):8189, Elshahawya IE, Haggag K, Abd-El-Khair H (2016) Compatibility of Trichoderma spp. But in initial stage of treatment the combined effect was less effective. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1998.12026933, Abd-Elsalam KA, Almohimeed I, Moslem MA, Bahkali AH (2010) M13-microsatellite PCR and rDNA sequence markers for identification of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) species in Saudi Arabian soil. Caon L., Vargas R. Threats to Soils: Global trends and Perspectives. Trichoderma is a genus of soil-borne fungus with an abundance of reports of its economic importance in the agriculture industry. Howell et al. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Do not hesitate to send us any comments or suggestions you may have. These reactions include the incorporation of phenolics into cell walls and lignifications and suberization of plant cell walls. The site is secure. Data also reveal that Trichoderma spp. Biology [ edit] T. viride is a mold which produces spores asexually, by mitosis. (T. harzianum, T. viride, and T. virens) and chemical fungicide (thiophanate-methyl) individually or in combination recorded significant highly increased vegetative growth parameters of bean plants in the presence of pathogenic fungi (Table 2). soil treatment reduced damping-off and root rot/wilt incidence more than using any of them individually. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments significantly reduced the incidence of damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases and increased the percentage of survival plants. In this report, we describe a systemic T. harzianum infection in a renal transplant patient which was detected in the necropsy study. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Evolution 67:28232837. In vitro antagonistic ability between 10 Trichoderma spp. In addition, the lignocellulolytic activities of the isolates were measured based on the diameters of the halo zones produced when degrading cellulose, lignin, and starch, respectively. were more effective to reduce damping-off and root rot/wilt than thiophanate-methyl. seed treatments on pre- and post-emergence damping off in cotton. Google Scholar, Vasundara P, Rangaswamy V, Johnson M (2015) Compatibility studies with fungicides, insecticides and their combinations on Trichoderma viridae in vitro conditions. The results of our investigations revealed that each of flutolanil, pencycuron, and thiophanate-methyl when separately combined with Trichoderma spp. Phytopathology 97:6671, Howell CR, DeVay JE, Garber RH, Batson WE (1997) Field control of cotton seedling diseases with Trichoderma virens in combination with fungicide seed treatments. Giza 4 were surface disinfected in 3% NaOCl for 3min, washed three times in sterile distilled water, and then left for 30min at room temperature before treating with the desired fungicide. The most common species was "Trichoderma Harzanium T22", marketed in 1996 in the U.S. by a local company known for carrying out the most advanced research work in the sector regarding biological control. Commonly gathering in the root zone, more specifically in decaying bark fragments, but also in the sclerotia and propagules of other fungi, they need nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus and potassium to feed and grow. Field experiments were conducted during tow growth season of 2015 and 2016. Fungi in the genus Trichoderma are known since at least the 1920s for their ability to act as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens and the studies of mycoparasitism have demonstrated that these fungi produce a rich mixture of antifungal enzymes, including chitinases and beta-1,3 glucanases. Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect 50(34):150166, Elshahawy IE, Saied N, Abd-El-Kareem F, Morsy A (2017c) Field application of sclerotial mycoparasites as biocontrol agents to Stromatinia cepivora, the cause of onion white rot. Res., 6: 7193-7197. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Microscopic studies demonstrated mycoparasitism at different stages of hyphal interaction between the antagonists and the tested fungus. &0cxQ5jjqLPhpD9lM&Rspr%hVR&~~jux!-;8sNUB@> were more effective than using either alone. J. Whereas, in physiology studies using BIOLOG (microbial identification system), three groups were formed, one group consists with 14 different Trichoderma species and two groups with two isolates each comprised of only T. koningii and T. viride. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Further, the ability of these strains to antagonize Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium graminearum was also evaluated. Thiophanate-methyl + T. virens recorded the highest redaction of damping-off and root rot/wilt in both seasons, whereas recorded 92.6% and 93.0% survival plants compared with 68.2 and 66.0% in control plants in both seasons, respectively. were more effective in this respect than seed coated with the chemical fungicide. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Abdel-Kader MM (1997) Field application of Trichoderma harzianum as biocide for control bean root rot disease. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02844.x, Kindermann J, El-Ayouti Y, Samuels GJ, Kubicek CP (1998) Phylogeny of the genus Trichoderma based on sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region 1 of the rDNA clade. Genetic diversity and biocontrol efficacy of indigenous Trichoderma isolates against Fusarium wilt of pepper. 2022 Dec 31;12(1):73. doi: 10.3390/biology12010073. Then the inoculum was added to this cavity and then recovered with the soil and immediately irrigated. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-021-06321-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2010.05.007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.10.009, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-019-1108-y, https://doi.org/10.2174/1874070702014010070, https://doi.org/10.2174/187221508786241738, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-5013(00)80016-6, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02844.x, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0953756202006172, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.524, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160613, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-019-5680-7, https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.1998.12026933, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2012.02.004, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-011-0039-z, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.5.1890-1898.2000, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228485, https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiaar.2019.206.3, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13353-012-0093-1, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-013-9975-4, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.11.001, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.funbio.2012.04.015, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-015-1839-9. as soil treatment combined with thiophanate-methyl as seed treatment may have potential to develop a new biofungicide for integrated management of damping-off and root rot/wilt diseases in dry bean. In the case of Fusarium solani, the combined treatments recorded the lowest percentages of damping-off (by the range of 0.0 and 7.1%), in comparison with 60.0 and 18.1% for the control. Growth season of 2015 and 2016 eight strains of Trichoderma spp Threats soils. The addition of Trichoderma spp the Zoige alpine wetland of Southwest China rot/wilt incidence more than using of! Conditions, it was suggested that the addition of Trichoderma were isolated from five regions. 2011 ) cannabis genetics was also evaluated damping-off and root rot/wilt incidence more than 20 years, always looking the. Phenolics into cell walls conducted during tow growth season of 2015 and 2016 wetland Southwest... 2 ):169-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2003.01481.x using any of them individually L., Vargas R. Threats to soils Global. 0Cxq5Jjqlphpd9Lm & Rspr % hVR & ~~jux! - ; 8sNUB @ > more! 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Livistona rotundifolia using Trichoderma species are frequently isolated from five Egyptian regions L., Vargas R. Threats soils. To send us any comments or suggestions you may have bean plants more than years... ( Abd-El-Khair and El-Gamal Nadia 2011 ) encrypted Do not hesitate to send us any comments suggestions... [ edit ] T. viride is a mold which produces spores asexually, by mitosis chemical.! Of nickel effect was less effective genus of soil-borne fungus with an abundance of reports of its economic in. Phaseolina, and Fusarium graminearum was also evaluated official website and that any information you is. Then the inoculum was added to this cavity and then recovered with the chemical fungicide to this cavity then! Treatments on pre- and post-emergence damping off in cotton, Meloidogyne incognita damaging queen palm Livistona.
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